MyBatis游标Cursor的正确用法和百万数据传输的内存测试

很早以前为了处理大量数据想过使用Cursor,当时发现没有效果,就没有继续深入。这次为了搞清楚 Cursor 是否真的有用,找些资料和源码发现是有效果的,只是缺了必要的配置。

准备测试数据

创建表:

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CREATE TABLE test_table (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20),
age INT,
address VARCHAR(200)
);

创建存储过程:

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-- 创建一个存储过程,用于插入10万测试数据
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_test_data()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 1;
WHILE i <= 100000 DO
-- 随机生成姓名和年龄
SET @name = CONCAT('name', i);
SET @address = CONCAT('address......................', i);
SET @age = FLOOR(RAND() * 100);
-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO test_table (id, name, age, address) VALUES (i, @name, @age, @address);
-- 更新计数器
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
END //
DELIMITER ;

插入数据:

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-- 调用存储过程
CALL insert_test_data();

准备测试接口

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public interface TestMapper {
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private Integer id;
private String address;

public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getAddress() {
return address;
}

public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}

//TODO 注意sql中指定了表名 test,如果自己执行,需要按需修改
@Select("select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table")
@Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE)
Cursor<Person> selectAll();

@Select("select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table")
List<Person> selectList();
}

前面插入10万数据,这里union all 10次达到百万数据。

测试代码

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@Test
public void testCursor() throws InterruptedException {
//等待10秒方便jvisualVM监控
Thread.sleep(10000);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try (SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession()) {
TestMapper testMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TestMapper.class);
try(Cursor<TestMapper.Person> cursor = testMapper.selectAll()){

int total = 0;
for (TestMapper.Person o : cursor) {
total++;
}
System.out.println("总数: " + total);
} catch (IOException ignore) {
}
}
System.out.println("耗时: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
Thread.sleep(10000);
}


@Test
public void testSelectAll() throws InterruptedException {
//等待10秒方便jvisualVM监控
Thread.sleep(10000);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try (SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession()) {
TestMapper testMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TestMapper.class);
List<TestMapper.Person> people = testMapper.selectList();
System.out.println(people.size());
}
System.out.println("耗时: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
Thread.sleep(10000);
}

private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

@BeforeAll
public static void init() {
try {
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis-config.xml");
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
reader.close();
} catch (IOException ignore) {
ignore.printStackTrace();
}
}

public SqlSession getSqlSession() {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}

测试结果

1.1. 直接List接收100万数据

查询过程耗时:7833ms
GC:21次
占用内存:885MB

1.2. 限制500MB内存,直接List接收100万数据

增加JVM参数 -Xmx500m

执行结果如下:

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Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded
at java.lang.StringCoding$StringDecoder.decode(StringCoding.java:149)

内存溢出。

2.1. 使用游标Cursor,不配置其他参数

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@Select("select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table")
Cursor<Person> selectAll();

查询过程耗时:5908ms
GC:21次
占用内存:428MB

使用游标的情况在测试中,占用了第1种情况一半的内存,处理速度也更快,GC次数也没增加。

2.2. 使用游标Cursor,不配置其他参数,限制200MB内存

等了1分30秒都没出结果,而且线程卡在MySQL传输数据上:

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at java.io.FilterInputStream.read(FilterInputStream.java:133)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.FullReadInputStream.readFully(FullReadInputStream.java:64)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.SimplePacketReader.readMessageLocal(SimplePacketReader.java:137)
at com.mysql.cj.protocol.a.SimplePacketReader.readMessage(SimplePacketReader.java:102)

3.1. 使用游标Cursor,配置 FORWARD_ONLY

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@Select("select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table union all " +
"select * from test.test_table")
@Options(resultSetType = ResultSetType.FORWARD_ONLY)
Cursor<Person> selectAll();

查询过程耗时:6313ms
GC:22次
占用内存:454MB

加了这个参数不如2.1不配置参数的情况。

3.2. 使用游标Cursor,配置 FORWARD_ONLY,限制200MB内存

仍然内存溢出:

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org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error querying database. Cause: java.sql.SQLException: GC overhead limit exceeded

以上测试说明 @Options(resultSetType = ResultSetType.FORWARD_ONLY) 配置没用。

从 MyBatis 源码来看,就没有相关的代码,不起作用是正常的,但是奇怪的是,网上搜的大量文章都是加的这个配置。

接下来看看真正有用的配置。

4.1. 使用游标Cursor,配置 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE)

查询过程耗时:4735ms
GC:12次
占用内存:206MB

这种情况比前面的都好,而且GC只有12次,内存比3.1少了一半。

4.2. 使用游标Cursor,配置 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE),内存限制50MB

查询过程耗时:4676ms
GC:142次
占用内存:16MB

16MB内存就能处理百万数据,但是GC增加了,GC耗时231ms。

4.3. 使用游标Cursor,配置 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE),内存限制10MB

查询过程耗时:38715ms
GC:1894次
占用内存:7.8MB
16MB内存就能处理百万数据,但是GC增加了,GC耗时34s。

程序一共运行了39秒,其中34秒是GC时间,吞吐量只有13%,太低了,限制50MB时使用了16MB,增加一次限制20MB的测试。

4.4. 使用游标Cursor,配置 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE),内存限制20MB

查询过程耗时:4880ms
GC:366次
占用内存:7.8MB
16MB内存就能处理百万数据,但是GC增加了,GC耗时514ms,吞吐量90%。

正确使用MyBatis游标

从上面结果来看,真正有效的是 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE) 配置。

如果追查到JDBC层,会在 mysql 的 jdbc 驱动StatementImpl类中发现下面的方法:

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/**
* We only stream result sets when they are forward-only, read-only, and the
* fetch size has been set to Integer.MIN_VALUE
*
* @return true if this result set should be streamed row at-a-time, rather
* than read all at once.
*/
protected boolean createStreamingResultSet() {
return ((this.query.getResultType() == Type.FORWARD_ONLY) && (this.resultSetConcurrency == java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY)
&& (this.query.getResultFetchSize() == Integer.MIN_VALUE));
}

我们加的注解中,fetchSize条件满足了,另外两个在何时设置的呢?

AbstractQuery中,存在下面的默认值:

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protected Resultset.Type resultSetType = Type.FORWARD_ONLY;

ConnectionImpl 中的下面方法也有默认参数:

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@Override
public java.sql.PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return prepareStatement(sql, DEFAULT_RESULT_SET_TYPE, DEFAULT_RESULT_SET_CONCURRENCY);
}

所以在 MySQL 中,启用流式传输就需要 @Options(fetchSize = Integer.MIN_VALUE) 配置。

当考虑到更多类型的数据库时,fetchSize 一般都有不同大小的默认值,像 MySQL 这样直接用 Integer.MIN_VALUE 的不多见,Type.FORWARD_ONLY 也是一些数据库的默认值,为了保险可以设置上,就目前的游标功能来看,针对不同的数据库要做对应的测试才能找到合适的参数配置。


MyBatis游标Cursor的正确用法和百万数据传输的内存测试
https://blog.mybatis.io/post/68c7d409.html
作者
Liuzh
发布于
2023年3月25日
许可协议